Gene / Protein: TMSB4X (Thymosin β4)

Length: 43 amino acids

Molecular formula: C₂₁₂H₃₅₀N₅₆O₇₈S

Molecular weight: ~4963 Da (per ChemicalBook)

CAS number: 77591‑33‑4

TMSB4X and TB‑500 are closely related, but they are not the same molecule.

One is the full, naturally occurring human protein, and the other is a synthetic fragment designed to mimic only part of its activity. Laying them side‑by‑side makes the differences very clear.

TMSB4X vs TB‑500 — Clear, Structured Comparison

🧩 1. What each one actually is

• TMSB4X (Thymosin β4) A full‑length, 43‑amino‑acid human peptide encoded by the TMSB4X gene. It is naturally present in almost every human cell and plays roles in cell migration, wound repair, angiogenesis, and inflammation modulation.

• TB‑500 A synthetic 17‑amino‑acid fragment (the “active region”) of Thymosin β4. It is designed to replicate the actin‑binding and tissue‑repair functions of the parent peptide.

1. Accelerates Tissue Repair and Regeneration

Tβ4 is heavily involved in actin regulation, which controls how cells move and rebuild damaged tissue. This makes it central to:

• wound closure

• muscle repair

• tendon and ligament recovery

• organ‑level healing (heart, cornea, skin)

This is the core reason it’s studied in regenerative medicine.

2. Reduces Inflammation

Tβ4 helps regulate inflammatory cytokines and promotes resolution rather than suppression. Research links it to:

• reduced swelling

• faster recovery after injury

• improved tissue quality during healing

It acts more like a repair‑coordinator than a blunt anti‑inflammatory.

3. Promotes Angiogenesis (New Blood Vessel Growth)

Tβ4 stimulates VEGF pathways, supporting:

• improved blood flow

• oxygen delivery to damaged tissues

• faster recovery after ischemic injury

This is why it’s studied in cardiac repair and diabetic wound healing.

4. Protects Cells Under Stress

Tβ4 shows protective effects in models of:

• oxidative stress

• hypoxia

• apoptosis (cell death)

This makes it relevant in research on heart, liver, and neurological protection.

5. Supports Skin Health & Cosmetic Repair

Because of its roles in collagen organization and inflammation control, Tβ4 is linked to:

• improved skin texture

• reduced scarring

• enhanced hydration

• faster healing after cosmetic procedures

It’s one of the most biologically active “cosmetic peptides” in research.

6. Immune System Modulation

Tβ4 helps balance immune responses by:

• supporting T‑cell maturation

• reducing excessive immune activation

• promoting tissue‑protective macrophage activity

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